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The EN classes for door closers are used to determine the appropriate door size and weight capacity for the respective door closer in order to ensure a reliable closing function. The closing force of a door closer is usually classified according to these EN classes, which are defined in accordance with the guidelines of DIN EN 1154.
The different EN classes and their corresponding specifications are as follows:
+ EN-1: Max. Door leaf width: 750 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 20 kg
+ EN-2: Max. Door leaf width: 850 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 40 kg
+ EN-3: Max. Door leaf width: 950 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 60 kg
+ EN-4: Max. Door leaf width: 1100 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 80 kg
+ EN-5: Max. Door leaf width: 1250 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 100 kg
+ EN-6: Max. Door leaf width: 1400 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 120 kg
+ EN-7: Max. Door leaf width: 1600 mm; Max. Weight of the test door: 160 kg
These classes provide information on which door size and weight a door closer can reliably close, making it easier to select the right door closer for specific applications.
There are various setting options for a door closer to adjust the functionality and behavior of the door:
This setting makes it possible to adjust the force required to close the door. Depending on the size and weight of the door, the closing force must be set accordingly so that the door closes reliably and securely.
This setting regulates the speed at which the door closes automatically after opening. It can be adjusted according to the requirements and intended use of the door to ensure appropriate closing behavior.
The latching action determines how far the door can be opened before it closes automatically. This setting is important to ensure that the door does not open too far and possibly collide with adjacent objects or walls.
The soft-close function enables the door to be opened gently and in a controlled manner. It ensures that the door does not slam open with great force when it is opened, but that the movement is cushioned and controlled.
This setting determines whether and for how long the door remains open before it closes automatically. This is particularly useful in situations where a longer hold-open time is required, e.g. to give people with limited mobility sufficient time to pass through the door.
By adjusting these settings, the door closer can be optimally adapted to the specific requirements and conditions of the respective place of use.
A hold-open system is made up of various components that work together to ensure its functionality:
Power supply (evaluation/control center): This component ensures the power supply to the hold-open system and evaluates the signals from the other components. In a sense, it acts as the "brain" of the system.
Hold-open device: The hold-open device is a central element of the system and can consist of various components, including magnets with anchor plates or door closers with internal or external hold-open. These components make it possible to hold the door in an open position until it is closed by a signal. If required, automatic Gate and door operators can also be part of this device.
Fire detection element: This element is used for fire detection and typically consists of fire detectors from the fire alarm system or smoke switches such as optical smoke detectors. Although they are often referred to as "smoke detectors", their function in a hold-open system is not to signal, but to switch the relevant processes.
Manual release button for manual closing: This button makes it possible to manually release the hold-open function and close the door. It is particularly important in emergency situations or for maintenance work. Under certain conditions, this button can be omitted if the hold-open device can also be released by applying slight pressure to the door leaf.
These components work together to ensure that the door is kept open during normal operation, but is automatically closed in the event of a fire alarm to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.
The panic functions in relation to lever handles vary depending on the requirements and purpose of the door. Here are the most common panic functions:
Panic function B: This function is known as the switchover function and has door handles on both sides. The outer door handle can be set in two modes. When the door is locked, the outside lever handle is idle and cannot open the door. Passage is possible from the inside at any time. If the door is not locked, the door can be used from both sides
Panic function C: This function is used for doors with two handles and is also known as the forced locking function. The door can always be opened from the inside, but only with a key from the outside. The lock remains permanently locked, which means that the outer handle is idle. By unlocking the door lock with a key, the door can be opened from the outside, whereby the key can only be removed when the door is returned to its original position.
Panic function D: Here the door has handles on both sides. During the normal function, the door can be opened from both sides using the lever handle. If the door is locked, the outside handle has no effect, but the door can still be opened easily from the inside thanks to the panic function. Unlike panic function B, however, the door is then open from both sides after use. This panic function is also known as the fireman function.
Panic function E: This function is used for doors that are fitted with a lever handle on the inside and a knob on the outside. The door is unlocked, but can only be opened from the outside with a key. If the door is locked, a key is also required to open it. In both cases, the door can be opened from the inside using the lever handle and the panic function.
DIN EN 179 regulates the use of hardware on doors inside buildings that are not open to the public. Its focus is on ensuring that users can leave the building in a controlled manner via various escape routes in the event of an emergency, without causing mass panic.
The handle of lever handles in accordance with DIN EN 179 must meet certain requirements. Firstly, they must have an end that runs back to the door leaf, known as the "return". In addition, they must be fitted with a split square spindle. It is important to note that these fittings with a split square spindle are not suitable for permanent use and therefore require special attention.
Another important aspect is the emergency exit lock, which must be designed in accordance with DIN EN 179. This lock must be able to be opened within 1 second with a defined force of maximum 70N, which is only possible by precisely coordinating the lock and fitting. It is operated with a downward movement to enable a quick and effective escape.
Overall, DIN EN 179 helps to ensure that escape routes in buildings without public access are designed efficiently and safely in order to guarantee an orderly evacuation in an emergency.
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